Employee Involvement, Employee Programs in Organization Performance Case Study

Worker Involvement, Employee Programs in Organization Performance - Case Study Example Accordingly, Gual and Ricart call attention to that worker association ought to be where manager and representative are foreseen assume jobs that are intended to improve the association execution at all levels. In the investigation led by Podsakoff et al., the real thoughts in worker association spins around getting people to contribute in many parts of work choices and arranging since when included, they feel genuinely connected to the association. Thus, when worker increments mental possession and duty, the business can hold the handpicked performing representatives and there is cultivated condition where individuals incline toward being roused and contributing. Evidently, an examination did by Dunlop and Lee represents the idea of representative association as one containing three sub ideas important in repairing holes that may exist between worker contribution and association execution. These viewpoints include representative duty, business fulfillment, and hierarchical resident conduct. Right off the bat, it is important that business fulfillment is generally affected by what individuals anticipate from their work places, for example, pay, renown, security and execution. In such manner, it is the employer’s command to ensure that the worker gets both natural and outward business fulfillment. Besides, there ought to be representative duty especially in the work they have been doled out.

Wheres the Honor in Honors Kids?(cheating habits of students) :: social issues

Where's the Honor in Honor's Kids?(cheating propensities for understudies) As opposed to mainstream thinking, respects understudies cheat the same amount of or more than understudies in customary classes do. Praises understudies are thought to be persevering, mindful, and fair. However these â€Å"above average† understudies are much of the time participating in the equivalent exploitative lead of the common understudies, playing out the undertaking better and pulling off it more than the standard understudies. Clarifying why respects understudies are better at cheating is troublesome in light of the fact that each deceiving understudy follows the equivalent unwritten procedure to direct him to triumph. The procedure is basic. Initial a con artist chooses how he is going to swindle. He has numerous alternatives including writing answers on different body parts (hand, thigh, and so forth.), making pocket-sized notes, approaching a prior class for the appropriate responses, and counterfeiting. He can likewise put his hand upon his face (close to his eyes) calculated away from the instructor while turning his head somewhat the other way of the educator and take a gander at his neighbor’s paper. The accompanying strategies are dangerous and are saved for the more brave children. They are grabbing the teacher’s answer key, requesting help with an inquiry while looking at the appropriate response key (at a teacher’s work area), hacking into a teacher’s PC for grade cha nges, and opening a course reading on the ground while stepping through an examination. One of the most imaginative procedures I’ve knew about is stripping the wrapping from a tidy water restrain to compose the appropriate responses on the clear side; at that point taping the wrapping back onto the jug uncovering the appropriate responses when one glances through the reasonable jug. Obviously some standard understudies have been known to attempt these scheming procedures, they have been aced by the distinctions understudies. The second step in the swindling procedure is the point at which an understudy reasonably envisions himself utilizing the strategy he picked in the initial step. This is an arranging stage that requires an understudy to imagine and set up his creating plan of cheating. The better the understudy can envision himself cheating, the almost certain he is to succeed. All things considered, careful discipline brings about promising results. For instance, if an understudy needed to compose replies within his bandage, he needs to envision himself stepping through the exam and guilefully pulling off the bandage when the teacher’s back is gone to uncover the appropriate responses. There is no incorrect method to achieve this progression, however many like to ask themselves inquiries to set themselves up.

Middle School and High School Intervention Programs

Center School and High School Intervention Programs Intercession has become a significant device for overhauling understudies who battle scholastically especially in perusing as well as math. School intercession programs are well known in grade schools, however shouldn't something be said about center school and secondary school? In all actuality the more seasoned the understudy is, the more troublesome it becomes to recover an understudy who is behind on grade level. That doesn’t imply that schools shouldn’t have mediation programs set up for their center school and secondary school understudies. Be that as it may, these projects should grasp the center school/secondary school culture where persuading understudies turns out to be a large portion of the fight. Spurring understudies will prompt improvement and development in every aspect of scholastics. Understand that what works for one school may not work in another. Each school has its own way of life formed by numerous outside variables. Principals and instructors need to cooperate to make sense of what parts of a program are material to their school’s exceptional circumstance. In view of that, we investigate two distinctive center school/secondary school intercession programs. They were intended to persuade understudies to succeed scholastically to give those battling understudies some genuinely necessary additional help eighth Hour/Saturday School Reason: Most understudies would prefer not to invest additional energy at school. This program is focused on two essential gatherings of understudies: Those understudies are underneath grade level in perusing and additionally mathThose understudies who regularly neglect to finish or turn in work Thisâ intervention program has been designedâ with a few procedures to support these understudies. Those include: Expecting understudies to finish deficient or missing assignmentsProviding additional help on assignmentsProviding additional opportunity to finish assignments when an understudy has been absentBuilding perusing and math aptitudes in order to set up an understudy for state testing The mediation program ought to be controlled by an understanding master or ensured instructor and could be held during an eighth hour, or a prompt augmentation of the school day running each day. Understudies could likewise take part in this intercession by serving a Saturday School. This isn't proposed as understudy discipline yet as a scholastic guide to progress. Every one of the four segments is separated underneath: Expecting understudies to finish inadequate assignments or missing assignments Any understudy who turns in a deficient or a zero would be required to serve an eighth hour the day that task was due.If they complete the task on that day, at that point they wouldâ receive full credit for that task. In any case, on the off chance that they don't finish it that day, they should keep on serving eighth hour until the task is finished and turned in. The understudy would possibly get 70% credit on the off chance that they don't turn it in that day. Each extra day it takes to finish a task would likewise add to the check towards a Saturday School as talked about in point four.After three missing/fragmented assignments, at that point the greatest an understudy mayâ score on any missing/inadequate task from there on is 70%. This would punish understudies who constantly neglect to finish work.If an understudy turns in a mix of 3 inadequate and additionally zeros during a half-term period, at that point the understudy would be required to serve a Saturday School. After the y have served a Saturday School, it would reset, and they would have 3 increasingly deficient/zeros preceding they are required to serve another Saturday School. This would reset toward the finish of every half term. Giving understudies withâ extra help on assignments Any understudy who needs additional assistance or coaching on assignments may deliberately come in during eighth hour to get that help. Understudies should step up to the plate for this. Giving additional opportunity to finish assignments when an understudy has been missing In the event that an understudy is missing, they wouldâ be required to go through the day that they returned in eighth hour. This would permit additional opportunity to get the assignments and to finish them, so there isn't as a lot to do at home.The understudy wouldâ be required to gather their assignments the morning they return. Building perusing and math aptitudes in order to set up an understudy for state testing After cross referencing state testing scores and additionally other appraisal programs, a little gathering of understudies could be chosen to be pulled in two days every week to help improve either their understanding level or math level. These understudies would be evaluated intermittently to screen their advancement. When they arrive at their evaluation level, at that point they would graduate out here. This piece of the program is proposed to give understudies abilities they are missing and waiting be increasingly effective in math and perusing. Quick Friday Reason: Students like to escape school early. This program gives an impetus to understudies who keep up in any event a 70% in every single branch of knowledge. The Fast Friday mediation has been intended to persuade understudies to keep their evaluations over a 70% and to give additional help to those understudies who have reviews beneath a 70%. Quick Fridays would happen on an every other week premise. On Fast Friday our every day class calendar would be abbreviated from the conventional school timetable to suit an early excusal following lunch. This benefit would be stretched out just to understudies keeping up evaluations of 70% or above. Understudies who have just one class in which they are underneath a 70% would be required to remain after lunch just for a brief timeframe, during which they will get additional help with the class which they are battling. Understudies who have at least two classes in which they have beneath a 70% would be required to remain until the typical excusal time, during which they will get additional help with each class they are battling.

Essay Comparing Work and Employment Relations - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION ‘Fast food for a fast world’ (Schlosser, 1998) – the fast food industry has, over the years, experienced rapid growth and expanded at a breathtaking rate, with McDonald’s as the main force behind the success of this industry. With over two million people being employed by McDonald’s across 118 countries in the year of 2002, there has to be many employment relations policies and practices in place, to ensure profits despite the huge labour costs incurred. This essay will explore various aspects of work and employment relations on the management, and employees’ side, to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the fast food industry in Singapore with the fast food industry in Germany and the United States (US). Thesis Statement Basic employment practices was similar amongst the three countries, but Singapore’s employees in the fast food industry get to enjoy more favourable working conditions due to it s Human Resource Management and laws imposed by its government. This essay will be using the market leader of the fast food industry, McDonald’s, as the key example throughout the comparing and contrasting of work and employment relations across the three countries. THE MANAGEMENT The management of McDonald’s in its origins at the US, enjoys great freedom in establishing the terms and conditions of employment for its employees. This is due to its extremely low rates of unionization and minimal intervention from the federal and state governments. Leidner, 2002) Employers in the US may generally dismiss any employee ‘at will’, at any time, for any reason, or even for no reason, with no legal obligation of fairness to the employees (Leidner, 2002). There is great imbalance in the power of employers and workers in McDonald’s at US, where employers have all the freedom to decide its employment terms and conditions. Some forms of Human Resource Managem ent (HRM) were used in McDonald’s at the US. Work-evaluation sessions, incentive systems etc. work were what they would refer to as employees’ benefits, rather than providing significant material advantages. These policies are intended to promote team spirit, energize workers, yet create the impression that the management is attentive to workers’ concerns (Leidner, 2002). The management in the US takes the unitarist approach and do not believe in trade unions. The management was anti-union, and took on a strong and determined opposition against any acts of unionization within its company. Like the US, McDonald’s management in Germany adopts the same unitarist approach of not wanting the trade unions to be involved in their employment relations. Royle stated that ‘McDonald’s early approach to unions and statutory forms of worker representation was hostile’ (2002, p. 7). This hostility shows a similarity between the German and US m anagements’ mindsets of being anti-union. Unlike the US, although it was not mandatory for employees to join a trade union, it was a norm in Germany to have works council. Works council were given extensive rights to information, consultation and co-determination supported by the law in Germany, and they can positively determine employees’ working conditions (Royle, 2002). The German system provides workers with statutory rights to representation through works councils at the workplace, and through supervisory boards at boardroom level in larger firms’ (Royle, 2002 p. 1). Work councilors also enjoy some forms of protection against dismissal. These show the strong importance of works councils and trade unions, in other words, employees’ rights and say, in the German employment law and culture, which is different from the US, of being more in favour of the employers. Due to the norms and employment culture in Germany, the stance and measures which McDona ld’s took in not wanting unions and work councils to be involved, led to many criticisms from the unions and the public. All these criticisms led to unwanted publicity, which eventually made McDonald’s at Germany, despite not being supportive of trade unions and works councils, decide to shift its policy. A new employers’ federation was established, and negotiations for a collective agreement were made. The management was no longer outspokenly anti-union in Germany. Royle, 2002) This change in policy is a significant difference between its management and that of the US and Singapore. However, even with the change of policy, the German management, was still anti-union internally. They often delay works council activities, and employ other indirect means to marginalize employees who join such works council to seek for their rights, and make life difficult for them. Examples are, managers will post threats or actually dismiss those employees, despite the state prot ection from wrongful dismissal of employees (Royle, 2002). Managers would also alter the work hours of such ‘undesirable’ employees such that they can only work a certain particular shift, or be scheduled very few working hours and eventually choose to quit the job due to lack of a stable income. Such a scenario is very similar to the US management, who will not hire â€Å"pro-union† employees, and arrange poor scheduling for such employees. In Singapore, employment laws were generally similar to the US in being â€Å"pro-employer† (Pereira, 2002). The Industrial Relations Act gave more authority to employers in leaving the decision of factors such as promotion, retrenchment, dismissal and work assignment between the employer and employee (Pereira, 2002), with no interference from trade unions. However, employees in Singapore, unlike those in the US, were also protected by the law despite the â€Å"pro-employer† bias. Unlike the law in Germany which protects the rights of employees through their support for works council, the employment law in Singapore directly provided for adequate amount of working hours, leaves and overtime pays of employees. Unlike the US, McDonald’s in Singapore adopted a disciplinary system – company had to initially give one verbal warning, followed by one written warning before dismissal could take place for non-criminal acts (Pereira, 2002). Hence, McDonald’s employees in Singapore are more well-taken care of than their American and German counterparts. Similar to the US and Germany, Singapore’s management took the unitarist approach, whereby collectivism of unions was not preferred (Pereira, 2002). Like the US and Germany, the state did not make it mandatory for employees to join labour unions. Although unionization rates in Singapore, like in Germany, were relatively high, the fast food industry did not contribute to these figures. As such, Singapore was able to introduce its own HRM programme to foster employee loyalty and to keep its employees satisfied through individualizing employee relations (Pereira, 2002). However, in reality, ‘individual bargaining and negotiation of employment terms and conditions is only available to very few who are based at headquarters; otherwise, the corporation determines every aspect of the terms of employment and its broader conditions’ (Pereira, 2002 p. ). This is the same for the US, whereby employees do not have much say over their employment conditions since most were decided by the company. However, Singapore’s management, unlike the US and Germany, was more concerned about keeping the crew satisfied, as they believe that ‘without them the restaurants simply could not function’ (Pereira, 2002 p. 10). Although like the US and Germany, Singapore does not really reward the employees through material advantages, they organized many activities through their HRM programm e to make employees happy to work for McDonalds. The stance of the importance of keeping employees satisfied, together with the state’s employment regulations of adequate work hours and leaves, allowed the employees in Singapore to benefit more than the other countries. THE EMPLOYEES A typical worker in an American fast-food restaurant is a young woman who works part-time. The workforce in McDonalds at US was dominated by the young and inexperienced, with 70% of its employees being youth. Fast food job were seen as appropriate first labour-force experience for them. The introduction of the ‘welfare reform’ in the US opened up jobs for many poor single mothers. Employers can earn tax credits for hiring such workers, thus increasing the pool of potential fast food workers. Employees’ working conditions in the US were poor; they were low paid, no benefits, and minimal or poor career advancement opportunities were made available to them. Employees experi ence unpredictable work hours and shifts, which affect their daily lifestyle, and results in the lack of a fixed and stable income. As employees do not see their jobs in McDonald’s as one that they intend to work for long, they would leave the job at McDonald’s for a better paying job elsewhere, instead of organizing trade unions to fight for their rights. Hence, labour turnover rates in McDonald’s at US was high. Level of detail in work specification in the US was remarkably high. McDonald’s can be classified under the ‘Post-fordism’ work category with its great precision in the daily duties. Due to the highly specified and standardized routines, the job scopes of employees were generally easy. This led to low expectations for the job, and was one of the reasons why the employees accept the low pay and poor working conditions. However, even with such seemingly easy job routines, employees had to work in pressurized working conditions, as managers tend to ‘understaff’ their shifts schedules so as to cut down on labour costs. The German workforce, like the US, was made up of part time employees, who are not dependent on the company for livelihood and those who do not intend to stay on the job for long, examples are second income earners and students. Thus, like the US, the Germans experienced high labour turnover rates, whereby employees leave their jobs at McDonald’s for a higher paying job, instead of going through the hassle of fighting for their rights. Unlike the US, the German workforce was made up of large number of foreign workers, economic migrants and guest workers. (Royle, 2002). Employees work conditions are very similar to the US, with low pay, no benefits, and poor career advancement. The workforce in Singapore was made up of teenage crews, who were later replaced by ‘older’ part time crew comprising of the retirees and housewives. This was a different group of e mployees as compared to the US and Germany. ‘The older crew often stressed that the job needed them more than they needed the job’ (Pereira, 2002). Many of them would choose to leave the company once they were dissatisfied, as the reason why they choose to work, was not so much for financial rewards, but to stay healthy, pass time fruitfully and maintain social relations with others. This group of employees, unlike the workforce in Germany and US, are more likely to keep their job for a long run, as long as they were happy working there. Employees’ work conditions in Singapore were generally better than those in US and Germany. The starting salaries for the crew were slightly higher than the ‘market rate’. Employees were entitled to benefits such as annual paid leave, medical benefits and annual bonuses. This is very different from the employees at US and Germany, who do not receive any benefits. The HRM programme in Singapore also kept crews sati sfied through its various forms of perks, benefits, incentives and parties. The older crews were well taken care of by the management through special attention and greater patience for them. (Pereira, 2002) This was very different from the US, which do not care for their employees at all. The Singapore management takes effort in promising better career prospects for its employees, such as by making the employees feel more ‘professional’. However, in reality, career advancements were generally poor like that in US and Germany, where limited career advancements to work in the headquarters were given. CONCLUSIONS Basic employment practices and conditions like giving low pay and minimal benefits, and the greater say of employers, was very similar amongst the three countries. The significant difference between Singapore’s employees in the fast food industry and those in Germany and US, is that they get to enjoy more favourable working conditions due to its HRM s tance on keeping employees satisfied through other non-material advantages means, as well as the laws imposed by its government, which ensure fairer salaries and working hours systems. [ 2000 words ]

Female Prostitution Annotated Bibliography Examples

Tyler, K., Hoyt, D., and Whitbeck. The Effects of Early Sexual Abuse on Later Sexual Victimization among Female Homeless and Runaway Adolescents. Journal of international violence 15 (3) March 2000 235-250. The authors Tyler, Hoyt, and Whitbeck wrote this article focused on the risks magnification and victimization approaches. They used path analysis to examine the influence of child and youth sexual abuse. The study involved investigating behaviors and background information on some homeless females and adolescents in different Midwest states. The authors found out that the child and youth sexual abuse have an affirmative direct influence on sexual persecution of adolescence on the streets. They also confirmed that child and youth prostitution raises the possibilities of later sexual persecution indirectly by raising the amount of time at risk, abnormal peer relations, and occurrence of survival sex. The article also discusses on the repercussion of some of the child and youth behaviors that they will carry on to later lives. The authors further indicated that young females who leave dysfunctional and muddled homes subsequently are described by continued abused on negative growth paths once they are in the streets. The social context of adolescence on the run or streets puts their lives in close range to possible criminals and exposes them to risks of being jailed for street misconducts. The mixture of a negative progression path and increased risks of streets and its surrounding raises these children and youth’s chances of being sexually molested. Ferguson, K. Exploring Family Environment Characteristics and Multiple Abuse Experiences among Homeless Youth. Journal of interpersonal violence. 24 (2009) 1875-1891. The author Mr. Ferguson (2009) explores the lives of street females to establish their views on the family environment illustrations and abuse experiences. He used a constant comparative technique to investigate records from in depth analysis with the youth participants. The main objective of the article is to find different from of family characteristics such as instability, desertion, and caregiver abuse. Other discussed issues include child and youth rejection, intrafamilial abuse, caregiver abuse, and condemnation by caregivers. The author applied the grounded theory to discuss on the outcomes and create a practical hypothesis to control future studies of various maltreatments among the children and adolescences. The author also discussed on various abuse experiences that the youth and children underwent before they decide to seek refuge in the streets. Some of the experiences that the adolescence went through include emotional, physical, verbal, and sexual, discrimination in addition to experiencing familial abuse. The author also examined the factors that catalyzed verbal exchanges and this are substance like drugs and alcohol. He also notes that it is essential to study family environments and abuse experiences of the street children since the main factors causing adolescence to seek refuge in streets and prostitution are family dysfunction and maltreatment. Philpot, C., Harcourt, C., and Edwards, J. A survey of female prostitutes at risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmissible diseases. An international peer-reviewed journal for health professionals and researchers in all areas of sexual health. 67 (1991) 384-388. The authors in this article established risk factors for the infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), in addition to injecting drug use (IDU), sexual character, and other sexually transmitted diseases in female prostitutes. The authors carried out a detailed questionnaire on adolescence women and tested the results to determine extend of risks to which female prostitute are involved. For close analysis of this article, the author first defined the term prostitution as a person who offers sexual services for money or other material benefits. Then they narrowed it down to adolescence sexual abuse. In spite of the government’s effort to fight for protection of child’s rights, there are some who still do not see the need to practice that and they are involved in persuading children to participate in street prostitution thus exposing them to a higher risks of contracting the HIV diseases. The authors confirmed that although there is change in character of some adolescence, there still is a quite number practicing prostitution. They therefore, suggest measures that can be used by females to protect themselves against the infections. The measures include extensive use of barrier mechanisms of contraceptives, campaign to prevent the sharing of intravenous needles, close supervision of health of prostitutes, and they finally proposed the use of scientific study on both the practicing male and females to determine the rate at which the disease is spreading. Graham, Nanette, Wish, Eric D. Drug use among female arrestees: Onset, patterns, and relationships to prostitution. Journal of Drug Issues, 00220426, Winter/Spring94, Vol. 24, Issue 1/2 This article deals with the lives of female arrestees who found rooming the streets with no specific jobs. The authors illustrated various issues affecting adolescence street women. The main factors discussed by the authors are behavioral change and use of drugs. They described in details the information they caught from their interviews with the adolescence and noted that most street women were exposed to several character and psychological problems as well as drug abuse and prostitution. Consequently, most arrestees were high school dropouts and they originated from broken families. The article also deals with various social programs that should be initiated to address child and youth issues living in the streets. The article also found out that most street children follow the footsteps of the mothers. The authors therefore, suggest that street children should be given medical, psychological, and social attention since they are ignorant of what is happening to them. The authors also confirm that there is close or direct relation between street children’s character and their early lives. The on set of drug abuse is illustrated by the psychological trauma that the children underwent before they finally find themselves in the streets practicing prostitution and other related crimes. Bullough, Bonnie, Bullough, Vern, L. Female prostitution: Current research and changing interpretations. Annual Review of Sex Research, 10532528, 1996, Vol. 7 Any form of prostitution mainly targets the young females to exploit their innocents. The authors of this article confirm the allegation and continued to discuss on what major challenges are affecting young women to join prostitution. They analyze the trends that prostitution have undergone and found out that the details and information have changed over the years. Prostitution used to be practiced by the elder women but currently that have changed and children and youth dominates the scene. The authors also illustrated that young women have been forced to work as sex slaves and despite their efforts; they are still underpaid a thing that makes them live in the streets and lead a miserable life. The change in trends has other consequences that make the young women continue living in the streets. Some have even grouped themselves in groups to protect their interests and a team. The authors conclude by discussing the various reasons that tempt females to join the sex industry. References Bullough, Bonnie, Bullough, Vern, L. Female prostitution: Current research and changing interpretations. Annual Review of Sex Research, 10532528, 1996, Vol. 7 Graham, Nanette, Wish, Eric D. Drug use among female arrestees: Onset, patterns, and relationships to prostitution. Journal of Drug Issues, 00220426, Winter/Spring94, Vol. 24, Issue 1/2 Philpot, C., Harcourt, C., and Edwards, J. A survey of female prostitutes at risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmissible diseases. An international peer-reviewed journal for health professionals and researchers in all areas of sexual health. 67 (1991) 384-388. Ferguson, K. Exploring Family Environment Characteristics and Multiple Abuse Experiences among Homeless Youth. Journal of interpersonal violence. 24 (2009) 1875-1891. Tyler, K., Hoyt, D., and Whitbeck. The Effects of Early Sexual Abuse on Later Sexual Victimization among Female Homeless and Runaway Adolescents. Journal of international violence 15 (3) March 2000 235-250.

A Study By The National Association Of Social Workers

A study by the National Association of Social Workers (2001) reported that among teenage girls, there is an increased value placed upon peer approval and acceptance. The rapid emotional and physical changes during adolescence and the social setting of teenage life increase the influence of external influences and social messages brought in via media, the social network and one s own culture. Body image becomes important - this influences the concept of self, the notion of identity. When magazines, newspapers, TV and much of the media that reach them expound on the importance of beauty - where beauty is equated to being slim and thin - and being beautiful is rewarded by admiration, love and attention wherein the beautiful girl is desired and popular - for teenage girls, to be slim and thin is to be beautiful and desirable, the ultimate ideal. The specific image of this type of beauty is driven by celebrities - movie stars, teen stars, soap stars and models - and with instant access to the mediums these celebrities appear on, with marketing companies using them to sell various products targeting teens, the specific image of a slim and thin girl as beautiful is almost inescapable. In this particular paper, I am going to explore eating disorders among teen girls, their context and how they develop, the risk factors common among the many types of eating disorders, explore eating disorders using the lens of Erikson s psychosocial theory andShow MoreRelatedNational Association Of Social Workers1191 Words   |  5 PagesNational Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics Overview National Association of Social Workers created a Code of Ethics to determine how and when social workers should conduct their work to ensure clients are being treated effectively. 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The Expanded Marketing Mix

Questions: The final stage of the marketing audit is for you to evaluate how well the marketing mix of the organisation is performing for your chosen organisation. Referring to the chapters 7-14 of the text, and with the use of secondary research, please provide informed answers to the following questions: 1. Are there any products/services able to benefit from quality, feature and style improvements? If so, how? 2. Are there any new products worth adding? 3. What are the pricing objectives , policies, strategies and procedures? To what extent are prices set on sound cost, demand and competitive criteria. 4. What are the distribution objectives and strategies. How can these be improved? 5. What are the organisations promotional objectives and strategies? Are they sound? 6. How could the promotional budget be improved to get better results? 7. How could the use of the expanded marketing mix, as outlined in chapter 14 be used to improve the performance of the organisation? Answers: Introduction Hindustan Unilever Limited, earlier known as Hindustan Lever Limited, is India's biggest customer Product organization and was established in 1933 as Lever Brothers India Limited. It is at present headquartered in Mumbai, India and its 41,000 workers are headed by Harish Manwani, the non-official administrator of the board. HUL is the business sector pioneer in Indian items, for example, tea, soaps, shampoos, baby products, ready-eat packaged food items. Its products have become a necessity in Indian homes. The Anglo-Dutch organization Unilever possesses a greater part stake in Hindustan Unilever Limited (Cateora, 2007). Hindustan Lever Limited's dissemination system involves around 4,000 redistribution stockists, covering 6.3 million retail outlets arriving at the whole urban populace, and around 250 million rustic shoppers. HLL is likewise one of India's biggest exporters (Srivastava, 2010). The Expanded Marketing Mix: In service industry one needs more elements which are follows: - 1. Physical Evidence: Before taking service, consumer doesnt know how to test the service quality provided by a service outlet and hence many other physical clues such as actual location etc help to make a decision. Thus cleanliness at college, school, restaurants, hotels, airports and cinema hall etc are more important where people exchanges the services, adequate facilities become more special as in case of airport, hotels etc. 2nd part of Physical Evidence is air ticket, cash memo, cheque book, token, pen, slips etc. (Srivastava, 2010). 2. People: People constitute an important dimension of marketing services as quality service depends of quality employee it has. As provider, marketer must provide quality product to costumers. Every employee in organization should be a sales person of company service so his attitude, sense of work and responsibility, style etc becomes more special. People plays important role to influence other people 3. Process: It refers to process by which costumers are served with desired product. The process of delivery becomes more important in Service Company. It includes the mechanism, procedures and timing which remain within the company (Menon, 2008) Importance of Marketing Mix: Marketing-Mix Determination is an important decision which marketing manager has to take. If proper marketing mix is determined following advantages will occur to the company: Marketing-mix takes care of the needs of consumers; it helps in increasing earnings and sales of products. Marketing-mix gives consideration to many elements of company marketing system. There is equal balance in these elements. Marketing-mix facility meets the requirements of all type of consumers. Marketing mix serves as a link between consumers and firm. Marketing-mix concentrates of client satisfaction Q1. Are there any products/services able to benefit from quality, feature and style improvements, If so, how? From time to time HUL has added innovation to its products. Take for instance the ponds cream which was has been in use from last so many years. That ponds cold cream has undergone so many changes. Today the market is flooded with products like ponds age miracle, ponds face wash, ponds anti-wrinkle and so on. Now these improvements have captured both the generations. Mothers, teenage daughters and newly-weds alike! So the success of a brand or a company lies in diversifying its products in such a manner that it should appeal to people of all age groups. So such a change was well accepted by people everywhere of all age groups. HUL was the first company in India to introduce shampoo sachet. This made the product available to the masses, made it convenient to carry around on trips and the product entered the remote areas as well and the brand building was successfully done at large. The following are the reasons how it has profited from the nature of the items 1. Safety of the products and buyers is the first priority: HUL has strict obliged quality standards set up against which consistence is affirmed through predictable surveys and self assessments. These standards ensure that they arrange, make and supply things that are shielded, of awesome quality, and fit in with the relevant business and regulatory gages in the countries in which they work. Extensive organization systems are situated up to ease dangers and to secure their buyers and markets (Dixit, 1926). 2. Client and customer satisfaction at the core of their business values: HUL adequately caters their clients and customers, decoding their needs and essentials into their products and services. (Dixit, 1926). 3. Quality is a bestowed compulsion: Quality and purchaser security is the commitment of every Unilever agent and Unilever displays evident and unfaltering organization to meet this course of action. The drive for quality, in all that they do, is reflected in their picture change, amassing and customer organization structures and is furthermore expected of their business associates. HUL unites with stakeholders to give power, advance straightforwardness and bestow best practice. Additionally HUL has delivered feasible working relationship with suppliers and contract makers (Desai, 2013). 4. Building and keeping up awesome systems to ensure the quality and wellbeing of the things: HUL consistently and endlessly makes structures and techniques to ensure quality and security all through the whole justified regardless of chain, and company while setting a benchmark for the business. HUL regularly measures and improve its execution using both internal and external measures (Murari, 2014). They adequately boost the Quality Policy and have a quality affirmation affiliation set up to ensure consistency of principles, approaches and execution. Q. 2. Are there any new products worth adding? It is rightly said that there is always a scope for improvement. There are products which can be worked upon. Improved toothpastes: If closely monitored then recently the toothpaste market in India has under gone a revolution. The medicated toothpastes are being branded as a must have for everyone. Therefore here lies a scope for improvement as people are largely shifting to such medicated tooth pastes for relief. Lifestyle has undergone a sea change in the past decade and so people are left with less time and therefore they look for products which can keep them healthy and not just clean. Spices: A lot of companies are engaged in manufacturing spices in India. But people/ restaurants and home makers look forward to more refreshing and more home-like spices. This is where the company can venture and benefit not just in India but abroad too as Indians love to add typical Indian spices in their food wherever they stay. How to go about the change: Recently Lipton has introduced green tea in a number of flavours. Lime, mint and strawberry were the new introduced flavours of green tea. Now this is called marketing with the changing lifestyles of people. This is how change can be brought out in few other products as well. HUL is into so many things, it has almost everything under its umbrella. From personal care to food and beverages, it is reaching the common man of the country. Because it is a huge organization and it has the capital to invest into a new products (Murari, 2014). This year company is introducing new products such as Water Purifier with high quality and lowest price which will increase the revenue of company. HUL will also improve the quality in health care and personal care producing with cutting prices. Q. 3. What are the pricing objectives, policies, strategies and procedures?To what extent are prices set on sound cost, demand and competitive criteria. HUL strategically creates products which are in complete coherence with what the customers require. The pricing is based on these objectives: Cost effective Should reach the masses and not just the classes Price range s generally very large so that required quantity for the required amount can be purchased Competitive pricing Prices should be consistent for a certain period of time The whole item portfolio is likewise being changed to incorporate premium offerings, for example, Ponds Age Miracle (Dixit, 1926). Q4. What are the distributionobjectives and strategies?How can these be improved? The distribution strategy of Hindustan Unilever limited is the best amongst all the FMCG companies. It includes three phases namely direct, indirect and stream line distribution system. In the present scenario, HUL's products are manufactured all over the country, and are distributed through a network of about 7,000 redistributions and stockiest that cover about one million retail outlets. HUL used the principle of project stream line which is to leverage HULs scale and organizational synergy to increase reach of rural market. Streamline was conceptualized significantly to enhance rural supply control via network of sub-stockiest. The streamline provides higher quality servicing, credit and full-line availability to rural trade. This gives a substantial competitive edge over the upcoming decades (Murari, 2014). HUL dependably has faith in client inviting items with significant accentuation on ease generally without trading off on the nature of the item. They are leveraging the abilities and size of the guardian organization and concentrating on the estimation of execution. HULs up-and-running plan of action is a treat for financial specialists looking for presentation in the F HUL Distribution Model Overview HUL's (long ago known as HLL) items are disseminated through a system of 4,000 redistribution stockists, covering 6.3 million retail outlets arriving at the whole urban populace, and around 250 million provincial purchasers. There are 35 CF as in the nation who nourish these redistribution stockists routinely. The general exchange embodies markets, scientific experts, wholesale, booths and general stores. HUL gives tailor made administrations to each of its channel accomplices. It has created client administration and production network capacities for banding together rising self - administration stores and markets. Around 2,000 suppliers and partners serve HUL's 40 assembling plants which are decentralized over 2 million square miles of region. Stage Wise Evolution of HUL Distribution Model Phase 1b: Indirect Phase 1a: Van scope model; Phase 2: Ph ase 3: Project based immediate (altered wholesaler situated in Operation Shakti for littler course) scope for expansive town to supply Streamline towns ( Provincial Distribution Model Phase 1: Direct Coverage HUL selected a typical stockist to administration all outlets inside a town and offer a restricted determination of the brand portfolio. Towns comprised of population of less than 50,000 individuals. Stage 1b: Indirect Coverage HUL focused on retailers in open towns near to bigger urban markets. Retail stockists were allocated perpetual course to guarantee that all available towns in the region were served in any event once a fortnight. Phase 2: Operation Streamline Goods are appropriated from Cf operators to country wholesalers, each one having 15-20 sub-stockists (Star Sellers). Operation Streamline leveraged the provincial wholesale channel to achieve markets distant by street. Star Sellers were named among wholesalers in a specific town. Star Sellers would buy stock from a neighbourhood wholesaler and afterward disseminate stock to retailers in littler towns utilizing nearby method for transport (e.g. cruisers, rickshaws). Phase 3: Project Shakti focused on the little towns (2,000) and took advantage of prior ladies' Self Help Groups (Shgs). Underprivileged rustic ladies were welcome to wind up immediate to-purchaser deals for HUL items. Termed Shakti Ammas, these ladies speak to HUL and offer home-care, wellbeing, and cleanliness items in their towns on a "money and convey" premise. Every Shakti ambitious person generally covers 6-10 towns in the populace strata 1000-2000. Redistribution Shakti C F Agents Stockist Distributor Entrepreneur. During 2010-11, HUL altogether expanded its control retail scope by including in excess of 600,000 outlets. In country, HUL tripled its coordinate scope in rustic India from 2.5 lakh stores to 7.5 lakh stores by including 5 lakh provincial retail locations in its run scope. In 2010, Project Shaktimaan, second period of Project Shakti was dispatched. In excess of 23000 Shaktimaans are working in towns crosswise over India. Venture Shakti has been extended to 5, 00,0 00 outlets (Desai, 2013). Phase 4: Growing its compass through Project Shakti, where it utilized ladies business people as a part of inaccessible towns to stock and offers its brands. 2010 onwards, while defining a formal new get ready for HUL's dispersion in rustic regions; the organization understood that the purchasing propensities for country customers were evolving. A significant number of these buyers really tried to purchase the same items they saw the city individuals utilizing. Taking into account this understanding, the organization set about getting its redistribution stockists to begin offering upwards of 250 Skus to stores in towns with a populace of in excess of 5,000. Taking care of the intricacy at the wholesaler's end, because of expanded scale was a test. The organization now utilizes 'geo-labelling' to see how far towns are from the closest interstate and to what extent it would take the closest wholesaler to achieve them. Likewise, desires from rustic wholesalers are distinctive. Rustic zo nes are still in the development mode and wholesalers are relied upon to effectively push businesspeople to stock HUL cleansers, shampoos and cleansers. Pushing items and getting store space is still all that much the name of the diversion. Advancement through promoting and presentation will assume a key part. Add to that the higher expense of raising capital for littler outfits and the organization still offers them sound imprint ups of 5 percent. Most merchants make around 2-2.5 percent on the merchandise sold. Shopkeeper who loaded HUL items felt no reliability to the organization and could switch side overnight.2001. Littler provincial brands would offer better stamp ups and offer merchandise on layaway and take away a huge parcel of business in a short compass. HUL had next to zero control over the circulation chain. Created a centre point and talked framework and named sub-merchants who had the chance to serve towns in their region. For littler towns with a populace of sho rt of what 5,000, its items were sold through wholesalers. Retailers from these towns make a trip to these wholesalers and to get their supplies as and when it suited them. Best case scenario, the dissemination in these towns was sketchy and the organization had no technique on whom to cover and whom to forget. How HUL extended its conveyance arrange long ago (Dixit, 1926). Phase 5: With the organization and not the wholesaler controlling what the businessperson purchases, it is conceivable to deal with the item blend and push more higher-edge items into the business. The included gainfulness can then be utilized to get merchants to push deeper into appropriating items furthermore put resources into innovation. Ultimately, the organization would like to enhance it. The organization has conveyed in the past and can possibly improve in future. Q 5: What are the organisations promotional objectives and strategies?Are they sound? HUL has an extensive brand portfolio comprising of about 110 products. In every product offering, it has fabricated various brands over a time of time. Very much a couple of brands have arrived at its overlap from the guardian organization. It has likewise gained a few progressing brands from the business sector. HUL likewise energetically seeks after brand augmentation methodology. Furthermore simultaneously, HUL embraces line pruning and brand rebuilding and merging, based on advertising impulses. HUL is additionally playing the restoration and re-dispatch amusement. With incredible profit the corporate-level tries at business development and enhancement are additionally tossing new difficulties on the brand procedure front. HUL gives itself for a legitimate understanding of the many-sided quality of the brand administration undertaking. It should be inspected how HUL handles the complex requests in brand administration (Dixit, 1926). Such an exhibit of brands is the result of a cognizant corporate methodology by HUL. As a corporate, HLL needs to be a pioneer in every one of its organizations and the procedure is to battle on the quality of the game changer emerging from the ownership of solid brands. It is this methodology that is getting reflected in the advancement of a large number of solid brands. In the event that the matter of showering cleansers are taken, as an illustration, HUL has the goal of being a national player (not a specialty or a local advertiser) and the pioneer in that. HUL likewise needs around 30 every penny of the corporate pay to originate from this line. Thus, HUL selected the technique of creating very much a couple of solid brands in this line, and among them they cover diverse business fragments and value focuses. Dove, Lux, Liril, Rexona, Pears and Lifebuoy are the result of such a decently arranged brand methodology actualized over the long run. At the time while advertising "vim" in provincial zones. Keeping into psyche the elements of rustic purchaser and dissemination foundation, the advertiser applied an alternate advancement methodology to advance the vim in country territories. The formal media used to impart the item was TV, radio, Silver screen, print proportionately relying on their scope and their impact on country masses. The casual advancement system was formed. The steps included to advance the item in country regions. The main step was the use of sound visual reputation vans. This exposure vans were secured by delightful flags, pennants were embellished with the item photographs, the base or slogan of the item and beautiful picture that can pull in the country buyer. The perceptible material utilized were tunes of current cloudy melodies, which were formed with new verses, these verses gave the uncommon peculiarities about the vim. This step was utilized as a presentation of the item vim in provincial markets (Desai, 2013). So the promotion strategy of HUL is brilliant. It has got the nerve of the people and gives them exactly what they want. Q. 6: How could the promotional budget to be improved to get better results? It could have been better with some more effective promotion plans that reach out the people in the forgotten corners of the country. However the HUL has excellent marketing strategy that has been proving successful since the beginning. There is a scope of improvement. Itd better if the company starts focusing on doing more campaigns like that VIM in the rural areas. Q. 7. How could the use of the expanded marketing mix, as outlined in chapter 14 be used to improve the performance of the organization? HUL is India's biggest advertiser of Soaps, Detergents and Home Care items. It has the nation's biggest Personal Products business, driving in Shampoos, Skin Care Products, Colour Cosmetics and Deodorants. HUL is also the market leader in Tea, Processed Coffee, branded Wheat Flour, Tomato Products, and Ice cream, Soups, Jams and Squashes. Home Personal Care (Desai, 2013). Personal Wash Fabric Wash Home Care Oral Care Skin Care Hair Care Deodorants Talc Colour Cosmetics Foods Tea Coffee Branded Staples Culinary Products Ice Creams Modern Foods ranges Personal Wash Soaps A percentage of the huge brands in Soaps in rustic markets are Lifebuoy, Lux, Liril, Hamam, Breeze, Dove, and Rexona. It offers brands with different price range even for the same category. The costs of the items are such that it is moderate to all salary bunch .Competitive rates as contrasted with its companions. Discounts are offered on different items relying on the items HUL is the First and foremost organization in India to have introduced Shampoo sachet for the people. Sales happen through retail wholesale dispersion by conducting study about the items their inclination (Desai, 2013). Making Product Awareness through ad data on the site and Generating interest among buyers through stalls out and about or outside shops and so on and demonstrating live exhibit of the item, Sales Push is carried out through free specimens, presentation of another item at lower cost. Moreover the most well known celebrities of the country endorse the products. Having more than 20 lakhs client, in excess of 2000 suppliers, in excess of 16500 representatives makes this organization an extremely prominent brand. Client Research - The Company is dependably makes a shopper examine before in the wake of dispatching an item keeping in mind the end goal to enhance make it more buyer cordial. Company can improve the performance by following its own strategies: 1. Expend product range, providing more benefits 2. Focus on rural and local market where people mostly search high discount products 3. Company can also follow the marketing strategies: Stepping up and End front Portfolio Execution, Pan Pyramid straggling, Betting on Big Stars for products Advertisement, Fast and better communication, highlighting benefits of products, providing quality products, maintaining quality of products, fast sell, fast services, Leveraging social media and IT and Increasing Consumption in Rural Market, better stores and marketing of products through advertisement 4. Better, bigger and faster innovation personal home care products, personal care home products quality, formulation, design, pricing and positing 5. In A nutshell HUL Company is admired and awarded FMCG Company of India giving high competition to many players in many sector such as ITC, PG, Nestle etc. It understands of costumers and leveraging technology to connect with them stands it apart. Hindustan Unilever Limited supplies high quality goods and products which are used in daily life as mentioned above. In doing so, HUL Company is committed to exhibit the standard for its consumers, society and employees. This company is regulating various policies to improve the performance in marketing. By implementing all marketing plans and policy strictly in company, performance can be improved (Dixit, 1926). Conclusion Marketing Mix is like a magic wand which if put into practice efficiently by the companies can literally bring desired results. One best example of company which has utilised this magic want to the fullest is Hindustan Lever. It has not only introduced variety of products in the same category. Like the shampoo market has shampoos catering to various classes and needs of the people. It has introduced a variety in the sizes of the products so that it can cater to people in the remotest of areas. In this way any organisation can have their visibility to all the customers. Similarly HUL has done its expanded marketing mix in such way that its the leading FMCG Company in the world. 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